Reformat Novial

Reformat Novial
Propri nome
Kread da	Vicente Costalago
Informatione
Parlad	poki parleres trans li monde
Ofisial lingue	nulilok
Parleres	tre poki
Range	no in 100 maxim grandi
Alfabete	latini
Akademie del lingue	nulu
Linguistikal klasifikatione
Lingual familie	Konstrukteti lingues
Lingual grupe	internationali auxiliari lingue
Kodes del lingue
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2
SIL	[1]

Li reformat novial es un novialide kreat de Vicente Costalago in 2022. Lu bli basa in Reformad Novial, e lu ha kelki influes de Novlingue.

Gramatike

Li finales del vordes es:

• substantives fina in -e
• adjektives fina in -i
• verbes fina in -a
• adverbies fina in -im

Alfabete

letre AFI A a [a] B b [b] C c [ʧ] D d [d] E e [e] o [ɛ] F f [f]

letre AFI G g [ɡ] H h [h] I i [i] J j [ʤ] o [ʒ] K k [k] L l [l]

letre AFI M m [m] N n [n] O o [o] o ɒ P p [p] R r [r] o [ɹ] S s [s] o [z]

letre AFI T t [t] U u [u] V v [v] X x [ʃ]

Artikles

Li reformat novial ha du artikles:

• artikle definid: li.
• artikle nondefinid: un.

Li artikle definid pova es junktad a kelki prepositiones:

• a + li = al.
• de + li = del.
• da + li = dal.

Substantives

Les fini in -e.

Li plural bli forma adant -s.

Li nomine del lingues fina in -um: valensium, spanum, fransum.

Li nomine del landes e regiones fina par -e, ma li urbes no besona ha disi fine: Spanie, Katalunie, Madrid.

Por chanja a feminine on ada -in: hunde, hundine.

Adjektives

Les fini in -i.

Les no akorda kon li substantives: li hause gelbi, li hauses gelbi.

Les pova es devan o detra li substantive kel les modifika: li hause gelbi, li gelbi hause.

Verbes

Les fini in -a in li presente e in li infinitive.

Li soli ekseptione es li verbe es.

Por konjuga li verbes, nus usa partikles:

• Presente: Me parla
• Preterite: Me did parla
• Future: Me va parla
• Konditionale: Me vud parla
• Partisipe: parlat
• Gerunde: parlant
• Pasive: Me bli parla.
• Present continuous Me nun parla
• Future continuous Me va nun parla
• Past continuous Me did nun parla

Passive:

• Infinitive: to be protected > bli protekta
• Present: I am protected > me bli protekta
• Present Perfect: I have been protected > me ha bli protekta
• Simple Past: I was protected > me did bli protekta
• Past Perfect: I had been protected > me had bli protekta
• Future: I will be protected > me va bli protekta
• Conditional: I would be protected > me vud bli protekta

There are several auxiliary verbs that are monosyllabic: dev (should), did, es, ha, had, let, mej (may), mus (must), pov (can), va, vol (want), vud (would).

Pronomes

Singulare		Plurale
I	me	we	nus
you	vu	you	vus
he, she, person general, neuter	lo, la, le, lu	they	les

Singulare		Plurale
my, mine	men	we, us	nusen
you, your, yours	vun	you, your, yours	vusen
his, her, hers, its	lon, lan, len, lun	they	lesen

Adverbies

Les fini in -im.

Nus pova krea li adverbies adant -m al adjektives.

Questions

Yes/no questions

For yes/no questions, we add the word ob at the beginning of the sentence:

• Ob vus parla Novlingue? - Do you speak Novlingue?
• Ob vus konosa lu? – Do you know them?

Question words

We add a question word at the beginning of the sentence and this doesn’t change the word order (as it occurs in English).

• Ku vu vola? – What do you want?
• Ki-tem vu va vena? - When will you come?

Answering questions

Positive answer is yes and negative answer is no.

• Ob vu drinka kafe?
  • Jes, me drinka kafe.
  • No, me no drinka kafe.

Prepositiones

• A: to (of place and time): de London a Paris; for the indirect object: dona 10 dollars a e povre; also: me ama a e home; te invidia a e altre, etc.
• Avan: before (time or place), in front of, ahead of (for space)
• De: of, by. It usually covers the genitive, but it also expresses relation. from me es der de du semanes
• Dum: during (the whole period of)
• Eset: except
• Eks: outside
• In: in, inside
• Inter: between, among
• Kontra: against
• Kon: with
• Long: according to, in accordance with, along
• Malgre: in spite of, despite
• Por: for, in favour of, in view of: vota por X (the opposite of kontra)
• Pos: after, behind
• Pri: concerning, about, of
• Retro: behind
• Sin: without
• Sub: under, below.
• Sur: over, above (with or without contact).
• Til: to, up, to, till, of space and time, emphasizing that some point has been reached.
• Tra: through, across: tra London.
• Vers: towards, in the direction of; also of time.

Conjunctions

• an: even, an si even if
• ank: lso, too
• ankor: yet, still
• apen: hardly, scarcely
• bald: soon
• dunk: consequently, therefore.
• e: and
• ja: already
• jus: just now, a moment ago
• kar: because
• ke: that, conjunction: me dikta ke ti es veri
• kom: as
• ma: but
• ni ... ni: neither... nor
• no: no
• nun: now
• nur: only
• o: or
• o... o: either ... or
• plu, min: plus, minus
• presk: nearly, almost.
• sat: enough
• si: if; si non if not, unless; si nur if only.
• tamen: yet, however, notwithstanding
• tre: very
• tro: too much
• jes: yes

Affixes

Prefixes

• avan
• kontra
• no
• re
• retro
• mi
• eks
• pos

Suffixes

Substantive

• se
• ere
• iste
• isme
• loke
• aje (me in Novlingue)
• are (gre in Novlingue)
• um

Verbal

• isa

Adjectival

• ali
• bli

Numeral

• esmi
• ime

Adverbial

tem, foj, lok, kas, grad, man, m

Correlatives

	question	demonstration	indefinite	universality	negation
person	ke	te	kelke	omne	nule
thing	ku	tu	kelku	omnu	nulu
quality	ki	ti	kelki	omni	nuli
place	kilok	tilok	kelkilok	omnilok	nulilok
time	kitem	titem	kelkitem	omnitem	nulitem
amount	kisum	tisum	kelkisum	omnisum	nulisum
method	kiman	timan	kelkiman	omniman	nuliman
reason	kires	tires	kelkires	omnires	nulires
ownership	ken/kun	ten/tun	kelken/kelkun	omnen/omnun	nulen/nulun